Millennials seem to embrace the concept of mandatory saving for retirement, a new survey finds. That's a key idea to address saving shortfalls. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to rec...The Roman Numerals Converter is used to convert Roman numerals to Hindu–Arabic numerals or vice versa. Now enhanced with the ability to handle sequences of Roman numerals separated by spaces, dots, hyphens, slashes, or commas. Simply enter a series of Roman or Arabic numbers separated by any of these common separators, and the tool will ...Cathay Pacific's Asia Miles loyalty program offers some excellent redemptions across the world! We outline 13 great options in this article. We may be compensated when you click on...Aug 14, 2023 · Calculator Use. Add, subtract, multiply and divide Roman numerals from I to MMMCMXCIX and/or numbers from 1 to 3999. Get answers in Roman numerals and regular numbers. This Roman numeral calculator shows the answer with steps when you add or subtract Roman numerals. See the Roman Numeral Converter to convert between … List of nu metal bands. The following is a list of bands that have played nu metal. Nu metal (also known as nü-metal [1] and aggro-metal [2] ), is a form of alternative metal music [2] that merges elements of heavy metal [2] [3] with elements of other music genres like hip hop, grunge, alternative rock and funk. [2] [4] [5] [6] [7] Nov 15, 2023 · The vampire nu metal connection was finally cemented with the Wes Craven-produced Dracula 2000, featuring a smorgasbord of acts from the upstart genre. Bands like Endo, Static-X, Disturbed, System ...Jul 29, 2020 · Nu metal’s 10 greatest six-stringers according to Tetrarch guitarist Diamond Rowe. Diamond Rowe, hotshot guitarist with Atlanta, Georgia nu core band Tertrach, makes no secret of her love of nu metal. “A lot of people who grew up on it are now in emerging bands,” she says. Tetrarch themselves are one of them – songs such as I'm Not ...In conclusion, Nu Metal’s resurgence among Generation Z is a testament to the enduring power of music to connect with and inspire people across generations. Its …Dutch newspaper Volkskrant (link in Dutch) took a clever comedic swing at French president Francois Hollande this week. In a collage published on Dec. 31, Hollande is seen standing...Jul 26, 2023 · Nu-Metal Reaching New Heights in 2023. At the start of 2023, internet searches showed interest in nu-metal was at its highest in 20 years.. Nu-metal hit it its peak in the early 2000s.Jun 15, 2021 · As nu metal experiences its revival with bands like Tetrarch, Tallah and Dropout Kings leading the charge, groups from nations other than the usual ones have been rapping, growing out their dreads and infusing turntables and spooky samples into heavy music for years. While a number of the world’s largest nu metal bands have yet to play the ...Berikut daftar grup musik yang pernah memainkan nu metal.Nu metal (juga dikenal sebagai nü-metal dan aggro-metal), adalah bentuk musik metal alternatif yang menggabungkan …Mar 25, 2022 · Tetrarch – I’m Not Right. The lead single from 2021’s excellent Unstable album helped install Tetrarch as commanders-in-chief of the nu metal resurgence. Channelling the likes of Adema, Spineshank and Untouchables -era Korn, it was instant metal club dancefloor fodder.16 Nov 2021 ... Critics have long made note of the misogyny, homophobia, and excess that permeated the nu metal scene, but the members of Korn assert that the ...As per the Indian numeral system, the first comma is placed after the hundreds place post which they are placed after every two digits. E.g., 1,23,45,67,890. As per the international numeral system, the first comma …Sep 21, 2022 · Slipknot’s latest album, Vol. 3: The Subliminal Verses, had climbed to #2 on the American charts, while Mushroomhead’s most recent, Savior Sorrow, had barely scratched the top fifty. With an ever-increasing number of outsider eyes on them, Slipknot began to take the more diplomatic route, refusing to add fuel to the fire.Jul 4, 2021 · The ultimate book on one of heavy metal's most successful periods "Nu Metal: A Definitive Guide" revisits the remarkable decade from 1994 to 2004 when mainstream charts, magazines, radio and TV ... Jan 1, 2024 · Atlantic/Velvet Hammer. 45. Taproot, 'Gift' (2000) If you needed one album to more or less summarize every aspect of the mu-metal genre, ‘Gift’ would be that album. Vocals akin to that of ...Jul 4, 2021 · The ultimate book on one of heavy metal's most successful periods "Nu Metal: A Definitive Guide" revisits the remarkable decade from 1994 to 2004 when mainstream charts, magazines, radio and TV ... Aug 16, 2023 · Between the year 2000 and the end of 2003, the whole world went nu metal. The likes of Limp Bizkit, System Of A Down, Papa Roach, Disturbed and Linkin Park produced million-selling album after million-selling album. Their music muscled its way into the upper regions of the chart, onto TV shows and into movies, and into the worlds of …May 4, 2023 · But nu-metal was often dismissed for its hyper-masculine energy, which wasn’t helped by the riots and arson at Woodstock ’ 99. Event organiser John Scher was quick to blame Limp Bizkit for the carnage (“Fred Durst is a complete asshole, he was completely out of his mind,” Scher told The Ringer) with footage of the band’s …Mar 2, 2024 · Nu metal (též známý jako nu-metal, nü metal, new metal nebo aggro metal) je podžánr alternativního metalu, který se stal populární v polovině 90. let a zažíval svou největší slávu až do začátku 21. století. Termín nu metal byl poprvé použit v říjnu 1995 redaktory amerického magazínu Spin pro koncert kapely Coal Chamber jako přepis …Jan 4, 2024 · Nu-metal’s reputation as (mostly) unsexy music is more than earned across L.D. 50. If any fucking is going on to L.D. 50, it is of the biological variety, single-celled organisms consuming each other in the primordial stew. This is truly ugly music; a cacophony of disgusting howls and slimy moans issuing forth from Chad Gray.Nov 15, 2023 · The vampire nu metal connection was finally cemented with the Wes Craven-produced Dracula 2000, featuring a smorgasbord of acts from the upstart genre. Bands like Endo, Static-X, Disturbed, System ...Nov 15, 2023 · The vampire nu metal connection was finally cemented with the Wes Craven-produced Dracula 2000, featuring a smorgasbord of acts from the upstart genre. Bands like Endo, Static-X, Disturbed, System ...Nu-metal / Metalcore band from Tucson, Arizona. Our latest single 'No Time To Die' originally by Billie Eilish on all streaming platforms. Our new single "Empty" will be …Wingspan, a payroll provider focused on contractors, has raised $14 million in a funding round led by Andreessen Horowitz. In the wake of the pandemic, more and more companies are ...Jul 4, 2021 · The ultimate book on one of heavy metal's most successful periods "Nu Metal: A Definitive Guide" revisits the remarkable decade from 1994 to 2004 when mainstream charts, magazines, radio and TV ... Nov 8, 2022 · Nu-metal took this further, often employing slow tempos, down-tuned guitars, and distorted string instruments. Groups such as Cypress Hill, Korn and Linkin Park featured a DJ and incorporated rapping. While nu-metal was ripe for a wide variety of expression, the genre generally promoted individualism, breaking with tradition, and political anarchy.Dec 19, 2023 · 7. Korn. Korn - Coming Undone. Korn was one of the pioneers of the nu metal genre, making them one of the most provocative acts of the 90s and one of the first to employ metal sounds with rap-rock lyrics. Their downturned guitars, groovy rhythms, and dark lyrics are what they’re best known for today. Nu and Rap Metal with Scratches 13d. StaticSpine 22 items. Nüvember 2023 listening log 15d. TwOne 30 items. My top 10 Nu Metal albums 16d. Rock_Metal_Lover 10 items. The top 105 best Underground Nu Metal album (in no particular order) 29 Jan. Generation9000 105 items. Depressive Nü-Metal 1 Dec 2023.Jul 26, 2021 · Crucially, it worked, and the frontman's somewhat goofy yet also badass presence on the first two Incubus records is unparalleled. 6. Amy Lee, Evanescence. Amy Lee is an incredibly important nu-metal vocalist for two reasons. 1) her voice is a breath of fresh air in a scene that's always been unfairly dominated by dudes. 1 day ago · Former Ministry bassist Paul Barker is returning to the fold for the band’s last-ever album, according to Al Jourgensen. Metal Hammer. “Movies take forever to make. Forever!”. An Osbournes biopic is in development, and Sharon knows who she wants to be played by. By Matt Mills published 12 March 24. Nu Metalcore. A nu metal (más néven new metal, aggro metal, nü metal) zenei irányzat az 1990-es évek közepén kialakult, a grunge és az alternatív metal zenei hagyományait a hiphoppal, az elektronikus zenével és más metalirányzatokkal ötvöző könnyűzenei műfaj. Éppen e műfaji átjárhatósága okán a nu metal stílusjegyei ... Oct 10, 2018 · Roman numerals use letters to represent numbers. In addition: The basic numerals can be combined to create new values. This involves adding numerals (e.g., “V” is 5 and “I” is 1, so “VI” is 6). However, if a number requires using the same numeral four times in a row, subtract from the next highest value instead (e.g., “IV” is 4).2 days ago · Roman Numerals 1-100 Chart. List of Roman numerals / numbers from 1 to 100. I=1, V=5, X=10, L=50, C=100. Number.Apr 25, 2023 · Nu metal has experienced a renaissance of sorts in recent years, with the nu wave of nu metal seeing bands like Spiritbox, Wargasm, Tallah and Tetrarch pushing the sound of nu metal forwards. Plus, the …Jan 31, 2024 · Here is every album by the "Big 4" bands of nu-metal, ranked from worst to best. Nu-metal's big four are Korn, Limp Bizkit, Linkin Park and System of a Down, of course.. Altogether, there are 32 ... PowerPoint includes several artistic effects that you can use to edit or enhance your embedded images. The blur effect softens an image to obscure it, blurring the picture strongly...Mar 29, 2022 · From Korn, Limp Bizkit and Mudvayne to next-gen heroes Spiritbox and Tetrarch, nu metal will never die. You can always pinpoint the moment a rumble underfoot becomes a movement. This year, it happened on Saturday July 31, at 6.30pm, at Chicago’s Lollapalooza Festival. “Let me make this clear,” drawled Limp Bizkit frontman Fred Durst ... Explore the power and emotion of Nu-Metal on this channel!Immerse yourself in the crushing riffs, punchy lyrics, and unmatched energy of this revolutionary g... Providing a working definition of the nu metal genre based on 5 simple criteria, and using them to explain why various, different sounding bands like Korn, S... Together it is 2000 + 20 + 3 = 2023. Roman numerals are generally written from high to low, and the values are added. You can add a maximum of three identical numerals this way. The number three is written Ⅲ = 1 + 1 + 1. The number four is not written ⅠⅠⅠⅠ since this would break the …Mar 29, 2022 · From Korn, Limp Bizkit and Mudvayne to next-gen heroes Spiritbox and Tetrarch, nu metal will never die. You can always pinpoint the moment a rumble underfoot becomes a movement. This year, it happened on Saturday July 31, at 6.30pm, at Chicago’s Lollapalooza Festival. “Let me make this clear,” drawled Limp Bizkit frontman Fred Durst ... Jul 22, 2023 · Features. Metal Hammer. "My dad listened to nu metal a lot." We spent two days in Las Vegas at the world's biggest nu metal festival, and it was an eye-opener. By Mörat. ( Metal Hammer ) published 22 July 2023. With headliners System Of A Down alongside new bands Turnstile, Spiritbox and Loathe, Sick New World was supposed to …8 Jul 2003 ... Good tones to begin with are a big help. Try to eliminate as much solid state clipping as possible. They have a metal zone pedal and you happen .... Mar 25, 2022 · Tetrarch – I’m Not Right. The lead single from 2021’s excellent Unstable album helped install Tetrarch as commanders-in-chief of the nu metal resurgence. Channelling the likes of Adema, Spineshank and Untouchables -era Korn, it was instant metal club dancefloor fodder.Dec 21, 2023 · The nu metal agenda is equally alive and well in recent collections by buzzy labels like Vetements, 017 Alyx 9SM, Willy Chavarria, Diesel, Y-Project, and No Faith. "We're seeing a hardening of ... Nu metal, also known as nü-metal, is a subgenre of alternative metal that fuses heavy metal music with other styles like hip hop, grunge, alternative rock, hard rock, and funk. This heavy metal …Here's Which Way the Market Is Trending and How We'd Play It As we begin a new trading week, with plenty on tap, let's look for clues on where this market is headed and how...Dec 19, 2023 · 7. Korn. Korn - Coming Undone. Korn was one of the pioneers of the nu metal genre, making them one of the most provocative acts of the 90s and one of the first to employ metal sounds with rap-rock lyrics. Their downturned guitars, groovy rhythms, and dark lyrics are what they’re best known for today. Origins of Nu Metal. Nu metal is one of numerous sub-genres spawned by the emergence of heavy metal in the 1970s and can be seen as part of the New Wave of American Heavy Metal (NWOAHM) that began in the 90s. The NWOAHM, along with nu metal, began when the band Korn released their debut album in 1994. The self-titled album made it to number 1 ...Jun 28, 2023 · And with Brackish, the band hit upon nu metal’s only genuine anthem of empowerment. Yet, when the four then-teenagers headed into EMAC Studios in Ontario to record Spit in the summer of 1999, they had no expectations. After playing a showcase at Canadian Music Week a few months earlier, Kittie had been signed by NG Records, a … Nu metal (numit și new metal, aggro metal [1] [2] , stilizat foarte des nü-metal [3]) este un subgen [4] de alternative metal și alternative rock. [3] [5] [6] [7]. Este un gen de fuziune [6] care combină sunetele, influențele și caracteristicile punkului și ale metalului [6] [8] [1] cu genuri ca hip hop și grunge. Mar 29, 2022 · From Korn, Limp Bizkit and Mudvayne to next-gen heroes Spiritbox and Tetrarch, nu metal will never die. You can always pinpoint the moment a rumble underfoot becomes a movement. This year, it happened on Saturday July 31, at 6.30pm, at Chicago’s Lollapalooza Festival. “Let me make this clear,” drawled Limp Bizkit frontman Fred Durst ... We're witnessing simple supply and demand economics at work with transportation stocks right now and it's a great time to buy the demand. The supply chain crisis is going to be her...Aug 26, 2020 · Nu core is the sound of nu metal 20 years on. A wave of young bands who were barely even born when Korn, Limp Bizkit emerged are taking this equally loved and reviled genre and turning into something fresh and new. From Tallah and Tetrarch to Ocean Grove and Guerrilla Warfare, here are 10 nu core bands you need to hear right now.May 17, 2017 · Nu-metal is a tough movement to pin down: Back in the late '90s and early '00s, it was an umbrella term for a strain of rock that grew parallel to the related genre post-grunge, as well as ...This is despite the ruling party's proxy pages not advertising. India’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is once again the top political advertiser on Facebook in the country for the w...Dutch newspaper Volkskrant (link in Dutch) took a clever comedic swing at French president Francois Hollande this week. In a collage published on Dec. 31, Hollande is seen standing...In conclusion, Nu Metal’s resurgence among Generation Z is a testament to the enduring power of music to connect with and inspire people across generations. Its …Detuned guitars and a lot of beautiful noise. The sound of Nu Metal can be found here.Jul 26, 2023 · Nu-Metal Reaching New Heights in 2023. At the start of 2023, internet searches showed interest in nu-metal was at its highest in 20 years.. Nu-metal hit it its peak in the early 2000s.May 24, 2023 · What Is Nu Metal? Nu metal, also known as agro-metal, is an alternative metal subgenre that combines an eclectic mix of heavy metal, alternative rock, hip-hop, industrial, grunge, and funk instrumentation.The sound is characterized by syncopation, built around layered guitar riffs, often played on down-tuned guitars.Roman Numerals Converter. Roman numerals to Arabic numbers Converter. Easily convert between Roman Numerals and Standard Numbers.The average peak bloom in Washington DC is shifting to March instead of April Spring is just beginning but the cherry blossoms have already reached peak bloom in Washington, DC. Th...Since discovering nu metal this year, Jay Katze, a 17-year-old student in Florida, has connected with other fans on the internet, but some of them have called him …Nov 7, 2023 · TypeScript definitions for numeral. Latest version: 2.0.5, last published: 3 months ago. Start using @types/numeral in your project by running `npm i @types/numeral`. There are 214 other projects in the npm registry using @types/numeral.Sep 19, 2013 · For anyone who thought nu-metal was purely an American fad we had our fair share of UK metal bands that got lumped in, including London’s rap-spewing, axe-crunching One Minute Silence. They got ...Mar 25, 2022 · Tetrarch – I’m Not Right. The lead single from 2021’s excellent Unstable album helped install Tetrarch as commanders-in-chief of the nu metal resurgence. Channelling the likes of Adema, Spineshank and Untouchables -era Korn, it was instant metal club dancefloor fodder.Oct 7, 2022 · Brandon Boyd looks back on the making of Incubus' 1997 breakthrough S.C.I.E.N.C.E. in this month's Metal Hammer. Nu metal might have been the biggest thing to emerge from heavy metal in the 90s, but not every band was thrilled to be handed the label. In an exclusive interview in the new issue of Metal Hammer, Incubus frontman Brandon Boyd ...Origins of Nu Metal. Nu metal is one of numerous sub-genres spawned by the emergence of heavy metal in the 1970s and can be seen as part of the New Wave of American Heavy Metal (NWOAHM) that began in the 90s. The NWOAHM, along with nu metal, began when the band Korn released their debut album in 1994. The self-titled album made it to number 1 ...GDPR and other data protection and privacy regulations — as well as a significant (and growing) number of data breaches and exposées of companies’ privacy policies — have put a spo...Oct 20, 2023 · 1. Blind by Korn (1994) The lead single from Korn's debut album, Blind is viewed as the first official track to kick off nu-metal. With all the signature elements refined since that first scratchy demo-tape and the songwriting more pronounced and dynamic, Blind is powerful and utterly cathartic. 2. Nu metal (numit și new metal, aggro metal [1] [2] , stilizat foarte des nü-metal [3]) este un subgen [4] de alternative metal și alternative rock. [3] [5] [6] [7]. Este un gen de fuziune [6] care combină sunetele, influențele și caracteristicile punkului și ale metalului [6] [8] [1] cu genuri ca hip hop și grunge. Oct 10, 2018 · Roman numerals use letters to represent numbers. In addition: The basic numerals can be combined to create new values. This involves adding numerals (e.g., “V” is 5 and “I” is 1, so “VI” is 6). However, if a number requires using the same numeral four times in a row, subtract from the next highest value instead (e.g., “IV” is 4).PowerPoint includes several artistic effects that you can use to edit or enhance your embedded images. The blur effect softens an image to obscure it, blurring the picture strongly...Mar 24, 2023 · Numeralul. Numeralul este o parte de vorbire flexibilă care exprimă un număr ( unu, doi, trei ), numărul obiectelor ( trei copii, câte zece pagini, amândouă cărțile ), ordinea obiectelor ( al doilea, al treilea ). În cele mai multe cazuri, numeralul determină un substantiv și stă înaintea substantivului determinat.View Minimum Investment Information and Available Brokerage for MFS Corporate Bond Fund Class R2 (MBRRX)Nu Metal was both accessible and abrasive. It's accessible so the elitists will spit on it. It's abrasive therefore the common man will lash out ...Dec 19, 2023 · 7. Korn. Korn - Coming Undone. Korn was one of the pioneers of the nu metal genre, making them one of the most provocative acts of the 90s and one of the first to employ metal sounds with rap-rock lyrics. Their downturned guitars, groovy rhythms, and dark lyrics are what they’re best known for today. May 4, 2023 · But nu-metal was often dismissed for its hyper-masculine energy, which wasn’t helped by the riots and arson at Woodstock ’ 99. Event organiser John Scher was quick to blame Limp Bizkit for the carnage (“Fred Durst is a complete asshole, he was completely out of his mind,” Scher told The Ringer) with footage of the band’s …4 Jul 2020 ... Adopting the early look of nu-metal with the dreads, hoodie, and flannel, this is unquestionably a 90s style. The baggy hoodies are something ...Nov 8, 2021 · Spastic lead single "Chop Suey!" is still one of the most awesomely bizarre songs to ever get repeated play on the radio. Wake up, indeed. Nu-Metal Deftones Korn Limp Bizkit System Of A Down Slipknot Mudvayne Linkin Park Sevendust Sepultura Orgy Static-X Snot Incubus. Linkin Park, Korn, Slipknot and beyond. Ninety-eight. 99. XCIX. Ninety-nine. 100. C. One hundred. Roman numerals 1-100 chart. List of Roman numbers from 1 to 100, with including printable table of roman numbers. Don't spam r/numetal with images and video links without discussion. You should be able to add your 2 cents to the post and not try and karma mine. Memes are permitted within good taste and must be nu-metal themed. Low effort titles or vague posts will be removed as well. Numeral definition: a word, letter, symbol, or figure, etc., expressing a number; number. See examples of NUMERAL used in a sentence.Aug 24, 2023 · Nu metal, a genre that emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s, is experiencing a powerful resurgence in recent years. Nostalgia plays a significant role in the nu metal revival, as millennials and Gen Zers seek the music that defines their youth. New artists are incorporating elements of nu metal into their music, introducing the genre to a ... Dec 14, 2023 · Across his career he has interviewed legends including Ozzy Osbourne, Lemmy, Metallica, Iron Maiden (including getting a trip on Ed Force One courtesy of Bruce Dickinson), Guns N' Roses, KISS, Slipknot, System Of A Down and Meat Loaf. He is also probably responsible for 90% of all nu metal-related content making it onto the site.Apr 14, 2023 · Slipknot - Slipknot (1999) Just one week after Limp Bizkit brought fun and frolics to nu metal like never before, a nine-piece, masked metal band from Des Moines, Iowa, would bring it back to its dark roots with a savagely heavy album that turned the game on its head. Taking nu metal's propulsive groove and burgeoning embracement of electronic ... No bands or artists match your search for numetal. Try a different spelling or check your query. Browse the latest features and news on nu metal bands and their …1 day ago · Former Ministry bassist Paul Barker is returning to the fold for the band’s last-ever album, according to Al Jourgensen. Metal Hammer. “Movies take forever to make. Forever!”. An Osbournes biopic is in development, and Sharon knows who she wants to be played by. By Matt Mills published 12 March 24.No bands or artists match your search for numetal. Try a different spelling or check your query. Browse the latest features and news on nu metal bands and their …Nov 7, 2023 · TypeScript definitions for numeral. Latest version: 2.0.5, last published: 3 months ago. Start using @types/numeral in your project by running `npm i @types/numeral`. There are 214 other projects in the npm registry using @types/numeral.If you're using a consumer grade point-and-shoot Canon digital camera, you've got hardware in hand that can support advanced features way beyond what shipped in the box. With the h...Nov 8, 2021 · Nu-metal's first outspokenly Christian act, P.O.D. exchanged the gnarlier hardcore of early albums like 1996's Brown for hook-heavy, reggae-infused rap-rock on this, their Bad Brains vocalist H.R.–assisted fourth studio album. The group was rewarded with multiplatinum success for their efforts, and the rousing singles "Alive" and "Youth of a ...Nu metal (sometimes named new metal, neo metal, numetal, nü metal or ñu metal) is a musical genre that emerged in the mid 1990s which fuses influences from grunge and alternative metal with funkcore, hip hop and various heavy metal genres, such as thrash metal and groove metal. Nu metal music emphasizes mood, rhythm, and texture over …Wingspan, a payroll provider focused on contractors, has raised $14 million in a funding round led by Andreessen Horowitz. In the wake of the pandemic, more and more companies are ...Apr 2, 2022 · 47. Spineshank - The Height of Callousness (2000) Fuelled by a whirlwind of energy, a masterful production job from Garth Richardson, and Jonny Santos’s incredible vocals, Spineshank were one of nu metal’s all-time great rock club floorfillers. Electronic soundscapes, the classic stomp-and-groove combination and choruses that last for days ... Aug 26, 2023 · As the New Millennium dawned, nu metal's big guns were hitting peak form and superstars-in-waiting like Linkin Park, Disturbed and Papa Roach were about to officially announce themselves to the world. And yet, nu metal's history remains littered with one-hit-wonders, also-rans and promising breakout bands that looked set for stardom, yet never ... Dec 19, 2023 · 7. Korn. Korn - Coming Undone. Korn was one of the pioneers of the nu metal genre, making them one of the most provocative acts of the 90s and one of the first to employ metal sounds with rap-rock lyrics. Their downturned guitars, groovy rhythms, and dark lyrics are what they’re best known for today. The term “nu metal” was first used in the late 1990s and early 2000s to refer to bands like Korn, Limp Bizkit, Linkin Park, Slipknot, and Deftones. The genre is also sometimes referred to as “nü-metal” or rap-metal. Nu metal music has been described as a mixture of punk rock, alternative rock, and heavy metal. ---1